PSG has now secured the prestigious trophy on fourteen different times.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown featuring the French league winners and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille struck twice late to seize a surprise advantage. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial leveler in the dying seconds to send the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 shootout victory.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the last thirteen seasons.